# Final Study GuideMar 06 2019

Tuesday March 19th 2pm - 3:30pm Weniger 287

The final is closed book.
I will provide statistical tables if you need them (so you should know how to use them).

You should bring a calculator (although arithmetic errors are generally forgiven).

All material on the midterm study guide is also examinable.

You should be able to:

• State the assumptions required for making inferences in regression.

• Rank the assumptions in rough order of importance.

• Describe the consequences of violating a particular assumption.

• Describe/sketch residual plots that should be examined to diagnose problems with the regression assumptions.

• Sketch a residual plot that illustrates a violation of a particular assumption (non-linearity, non-constant variance or non-normality).

• Given a residual plot, describe evidence you see for violations of the regression assumptions.

• Suggest a remedy for a particular violation.

• Describe three ways a point may be considered “unusual”.

• Name three case influence statistics and describe conceptually how they measure “unusualness”.

• Identify from a scatterplot (in the simple linear regression case) if a point is likely to be high leverage, influential and/or an outlier.

• Describe a limitation of case influence statistics.

• Describe what is meant by multicollinearity.

• Describe how multicollinearity might be detected.

• Discuss the consequences of multicollinearity.

• Describe the assumption that generalized least squares is designed to relax.

• Derive the generalized least squares estimates (for known $$\Sigma$$).

• Give an example of data where using weighted least squares is desirable.

• Conduct a lack-of-fit test.

• Interpret the result of a lack-of-fit test.

• Describe the goal of robust regression techniques.

• Describe why we might transform the response and/or the explanatory variables.

• Choose a transform of the response based on a Box-Cox plot.

• Interpret a parameter estimate based on a regression with a log transformed response.

• State the additional assumption required to make inferences about medians in a regression using a log transformed response.

• Give a reason why variable selection might be recommended.

• Give a reason why variable selection might be avoided.

• Describe the process of model selection by forward selection/backward elimination.

• Perform one step of forward selection/backward elimination.

• Name and describe four model selection criteria.

• Discuss the similarities and differences between model selection criteria.

• Discuss why it is dangerous to use the same data to fit a predictive model and to evaluate the model’s predictive ability.

• Describe two regularized regression methods.

• Describe why might we prefer biased estimates (or predictions).

• Describe/sketch an example of a predictive model that would have low/high variance and low/high bias.

• Discuss the difference in goals between explanation and prediction.

• Describe the difference between linear and logistic regression models.

• Describe the difference between linear and non-linear regression models.